The maintenance function is recognized today, by both industrials and scientists, as an essential lever for controlling risks and optimizing company performance. In this logic, the importance and the omnipresence of the decision-making process in the maintenance function is located at several levels. This decision problem is usually taken care of, in maintenance studies, using dependability analysis tools. This thesis is mainly concerned with providing a significant contribution, in this context, by relying on the multi-criteria analysis paradigm, which allows to bring improved accuracy. For this purpose, we first define the maintenance levels and link them to the decision concepts and patterns. Then, we conduct a literature review of relevant work to identify the techniques and methods used in this context. After thoroughly studying these methods, we have implemented the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method to deal with an ‘equipment prioritization problematic, which constitutes a crucial decision level in the maintenance function. Finally, the proposed model is compared with similar approaches, allowing to validate its results and highlight its contribution, on the one hand, and to respond, on the other hand, to the concerns raised in the literature about the proper application of the methods used in this context, given the vast number of available options; especially that they differ in terms of the accuracy and robustness of the provided results from one problem to another.